The Short Stirling was a British four-engined heavy bomber of the Second World War, holding the distinction of being the first four-engined bomber to enter RAF service during the war (the earlier Handley Page V/1500 being a WWI-era design that served during the 1920s).

Designed during the late 1930s by Short Brothers to conform with Air Ministry Specification B.12/36, the Stirling was selected from submissions including Supermarine preferred Type 317. When the Type 317 was abandoned, the Short S.29 — later named Stirling — proceeded to production.

The Stirling entered squadron service in early 1941. Pilots praised its ability to out-turn enemy night fighters and its favourable handling characteristics, but its relatively low ceiling was a consistent criticism. The Stirling had a brief operational career as a bomber before being relegated to second-line duties from late 1943 as the more capable Handley Page Halifax and Avro Lancaster became available.

After bomber operations ended, the Stirling was used for glider towing, transport, and maritime patrol duties. A significant number were also converted to serve as civilian freight aircraft post-war.