Number 44 (Rhodesia) Squadron was an aviation unit of the Royal Air Force, active between 1917 and 1982. For most of its history it served as a heavy bomber squadron, and was the only RAF squadron to bear the name of a Rhodesian territory — reflecting the large number of Rhodesian volunteers who served in its ranks.

During World War II, No. 44 Squadron was equipped with the Avro Lancaster and operated from RAF Waddington in Lincolnshire as part of RAF Bomber Command's main force. The squadron conducted thousands of sorties over occupied Europe, participating in major raids on German industrial targets, transportation networks, and military installations. Like all heavy bomber squadrons, it suffered significant casualties during the campaign.

Post-war, the squadron continued in the bomber role, converting to the Avro Lincoln and then to the English Electric Canberra jet bomber. The squadron was eventually disbanded in 1982, bringing to a close one of the longest-serving units in RAF history.